Diseases caused by Viroid, Transmission, Viroid disease control

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Diseases caused by Viroid:
Viroids are plant pathogens. They infect higher plants and cause diseases like potato spindle tuber disease, and chrysanthemum stunt disease. These infectious RNA particles are responsible for crop failures and subsequently, the loss of millions of money in agriculture annually. Potato, cucumber, tomato, chrysanthemums, avocado, and coconut palms are plants that are commonly subjected to viroid infections. Viroids causes over 20 different plant diseases. The only human disease known to be caused by a viroid is hepatitis D. The list of diseases caused by Viroids are given below:

 
Transmission:
Viroid infections in plants are transmitted by
➢ cross-contamination
➢ mechanical damage to plants as a result of horticultural or agricultural practices.
➢ Some seed or pollen transmitted
➢ aphids
➢ leaf contact (transferred from plant to plant) Viroid infections (hepatitis D) in humans are transmitted by
➢ blood or serum transfusions.

Viroid disease control:
Viroid infections/diseases can be controlled through the following steps.
1. Disinfection of cutting tools (horticultural or agricultural practices)
2. Cold treatment (e.g storage at 4 °C for 6 months or more, followed by apical shoot-tip-culture, grafting, can be used to eliminate CSVd and HSVd).
3. Pre-inoculation with protective mild strains of viroid has proved effective to control PSTVd

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